//=================================================== file = genunifd.c =====
//=  Program to generate discrete uniformly distributed random variables    =
//===========================================================================
//=  Notes: 1) Writes to a user specified output file                       =
//=         2) Generates user specified number of values                    =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//= Example user input:                                                     =
//=                                                                         =
//=  --------------------------------------- genunifd.c -----               =
//=  -  Program to generate discrete uniform RVs            -               =
//=  --------------------------------------------------------               =
//=  Output file name ===================================> x                =
//=  Random number seed =================================> 1                =
//=  Min value (discrete) ===============================> 1                =
//=  Max value (discrete) ===============================> 2                =
//=  Number of values to generate =======================> 5                =
//=  --------------------------------------------------------               =
//=  -  Generating samples to file                          -               =
//=  --------------------------------------------------------               =
//=  --------------------------------------------------------               =
//=  -  Done!                                                               =
//=  --------------------------------------------------------               =                                                             =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//= Example output file ("output.dat" for above):                           =
//=                                                                         =
//=  2                                                                      =
//=  2                                                                      =
//=  2                                                                      =
//=  1                                                                      =
//=  1                                                                      =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//=  Build: bcc32 genunifd.c                                                =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//=  Execute: genunifd                                                      =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//=  Author: Ken Christensen                                                =
//=          University of South Florida                                    =
//=          WWW: http://www.csee.usf.edu/~christen                         =
//=          Email: christen@csee.usf.edu                                   =
//=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
//=  History: KJC (12/31/00) - Genesis (from genexp.c)                      =
//=           KJC (05/20/03) - Added Jain's RNG for finer granularity       =
//=           KJC (01/26/07) - Cleaned-up                                   =
//===========================================================================

//----- Include files -------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>              // Needed for printf()
#include <stdlib.h>             // Needed for exit() and ato*()

//----- Function prototypes -------------------------------------------------
double unifd(int min, int max); // Returns a discrete uniform RV
long   rand_vald(int seed);     // Jain's RNG to return a discrete number

//===== Main program ========================================================
void main(void)
{
  FILE     *fp;                 // File pointer to output file
  char     file_name[256];      // Output file name string
  char     temp_string[256];    // Temporary string variable
  int      min;                 // Minimum value
  int      max;                 // Maximum value
  int      unif_rv;             // Uniformly random variable
  int      num_values;          // Number of values
  int      i;                   // Loop counter

  // Output banner
  printf("--------------------------------------- genunifd.c ----- \n");
  printf("-  Program to generate discrete uniform RVs            - \n");
  printf("-------------------------------------------------------- \n");

  // Prompt for output filename and then create/open the file
  printf("Output file name ===================================> ");
  scanf("%s", file_name);
  fp = fopen(file_name, "w");
  if (fp == NULL)
  {
    printf("ERROR in creating output file (%s) \n", file_name);
    exit(1);
  }

  // Prompt for random number seed and then use it
  printf("Random number seed =================================> ");
  scanf("%s", temp_string);
  rand_vald((int) atoi(temp_string));

  // Prompt for min value
  printf("Min value (discrete) ===============================> ");
  scanf("%s", temp_string);
  min = atoi(temp_string);

  // Prompt for max value
  printf("Max value (discrete) ===============================> ");
  scanf("%s", temp_string);
  max = atoi(temp_string);

  // Prompt for number of values to generate
  printf("Number of values to generate =======================> ");
  scanf("%s", temp_string);
  num_values = atoi(temp_string);

  //Output message and generate interarrival times
  printf("-------------------------------------------------------- \n");
  printf("-  Generating samples to file                          - \n");
  printf("-------------------------------------------------------- \n");

  // Generate and output interarrival times
  for (i=0; i<num_values; i++)
  {
    unif_rv = unifd(min, max);
    fprintf(fp, "%d \n", unif_rv);
  }

  //Output message and close the output file
  printf("-------------------------------------------------------- \n");
  printf("-  Done! \n");
  printf("-------------------------------------------------------- \n");
  fclose(fp);
}

//===========================================================================
//=  Function to generate uniformly distributed random variables            =
//=    - Input:  Min and max values                                         =
//=    - Output: Returns with uniformly distributed random variable         =
//===========================================================================
double unifd(int min, int max)
{
  int    z;                     // Uniform random integer number
  int    unif_value;            // Computed uniform value to be returned

  // Pull a uniform random integer
  z = rand_vald(0);

  // Compute uniform discrete random variable using inversion method
  unif_value = z % (max - min + 1) + min;

  return(unif_value);
}

//=========================================================================
//= Multiplicative LCG for generating uniform(0.0, 1.0) random numbers    =
//=   - From R. Jain, "The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis," =
//=     John Wiley & Sons, 1991. (Page 443, Figure 26.2)                  =
//=========================================================================
long rand_vald(int seed)
{
  const long  a =      16807;  // Multiplier
  const long  m = 2147483647;  // Modulus
  const long  q =     127773;  // m div a
  const long  r =       2836;  // m mod a
  static long x;               // Random int value
  long        x_div_q;         // x divided by q
  long        x_mod_q;         // x modulo q
  long        x_new;           // New x value

  // Set the seed if argument is non-zero and then return zero
  if (seed > 0)
  {
    x = seed;
    return(0.0);
  }

  // RNG using integer arithmetic
  x_div_q = x / q;
  x_mod_q = x % q;
  x_new = (a * x_mod_q) - (r * x_div_q);
  if (x_new > 0)
    x = x_new;
  else
    x = x_new + m;

  // Return a random integer number
  return(x);
}